Comparative Efficacy of Nutritional Supplements on Inflammatory Markers, Nutritional Status, and Clinical Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: This systematic review evaluates the effects of various nutritional supplements on inflammation, nutritional status, and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past decade. Studies were included if they assessed the impact of supplements like L-arginine, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics on relevant outcomes. Results: Five RCTs were reviewed. L-arginine supplementation reduced CRP levels, indicating anti-inflammatory benefits. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had mixed results with transient increases in IL-6 but no long-term benefits. Probiotics improved cytokine profiles and postoperative outcomes, while synbiotics notably reduced infection rates. Conclusion: L-arginine and probiotics show promise in improving inflammation and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids require further investigation. Standardized protocols and larger trials are needed to optimize supplement use in this patient population.