The Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Status on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: This systematic review explores the association between maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of GDM across various populations and study designs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus, up until September 2024. Results: Out of five studies included, most showed a significant association between low maternal vitamin D levels and an increased risk of GDM. Although some studies reported no significant relationship, the majority supported a positive association, particularly in high-risk populations and during the first and second trimesters. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the potential link between low maternal vitamin D levels and increased GDM risk. Given the variability in findings, further well-designed studies are necessary to confirm these associations and determine the role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive measure against GDM.