Metabolic Syndrome and Its Impact on the Risk of Developing Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and insulin resistance. This study aims to provide a comprehensive systematic review of literature from the last decade, assessing the association between MetS and CKD. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this review analyzed full-text English-language articles published between 2014 and 2024. Result: The study conducted a comprehensive review of over 100 publications sourced from reputable databases, including ScienceDirect, SagePub, and PubMed. Following an initial screening, eight publications were identified as warranting more in-depth analysis. Consequently, a thorough review of these selected studies was performed to ensure a detailed and rigorous evaluation. Conclusion: The findings highlight the intricate relationship between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease, primarily driven by modern lifestyle factors that contribute to metabolic stress. The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of MetS, yet current treatment strategies remain inadequate. Further research is essential to better understand and mitigate MetS-related kidney damage.