Acute Pericarditis in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Background: The literature surrounding acute pericarditis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) provides a comprehensive understanding of the cardiovascular implications associated with this autoimmune disease. The findings demonstrate that acute pericarditis is a frequent complication in SLE, with pericardial effusion being a common echocardiographic finding. Literature Review: The literature reveals that while pericardial effusion is common, the progression to severe complications such as cardiac tamponade remains rare, occurring in less than 1% of SLE cases (P Larson et al., 2019). However, the potential for severe outcomes necessitates prompt recognition and management of pericardial involvement. The complexity of treating myocarditis, which may accompany pericarditis, is also highlighted, with high-dose steroids being recommended as a primary treatment approach in acute cases (Bezwada et al., 2017). The literature further discusses the systemic nature of SLE and its diverse presentations, including pleuritis, which can serve as an initial symptom of the disease (So et al., 2019). This systemic involvement underscores the need for comprehensive monitoring of cardiac health in SLE patients, as cardiovascular abnormalities often coincide with active disease in other organ systems (Sayhi et al., 2019). Moreover, the rarity of chronic constrictive pericarditis in SLE patients contrasts with the common occurrence of acute pericarditis, indicating that while acute manifestations are prevalent, chronic complications are less frequently observed (Duarte et al., 2023). Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature collectively emphasizes the importance of vigilant diagnosis and management of acute pericarditis in patients with SLE. The interplay between autoimmune processes and cardiovascular manifestations necessitates a multifaceted approach to care, highlighting the need for regular cardiac evaluations and a tailored treatment strategy to address the unique risks posed by this complex disease.