The Analysis Study of Pediatric Melanoma: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous melanoma, though rare in the pediatric population, represents a unique and challenging malignancy. It accounts for only about 1% of all childhood cancers, with a global incidence of 2–5 new cases per million people annually. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this systematic review focused exclusively on full-text articles published in English between 2014 and 2024. Result: The study conducted a comprehensive review of over 100 publications sourced from reputable databases, including ScienceDirect, SagePub, and PubMed. Following an initial screening, eight publications were identified as warranting more in-depth analysis. Consequently, a thorough review of these selected studies was performed to ensure a detailed and rigorous evaluation. Conclusion: Pediatric melanoma is rare and challenging to diagnose, with three identified biological patterns. Spitzoid melanomas exhibit a more indolent behavior, while nevus-associated melanoma is common in younger children, particularly those with congenital nevi, requiring careful histopathologic evaluation.