The Analysis Study of Rate of Malignant Transformation Varies Depending on the Diagnostic Criteria for Oral Lichenoid Conditions: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Research has suggested that mucosal lesions may develop lichen-like histological features in response to dysplasia. This study aims to provide a comprehensive systematic review to investigate the malignant potential of oral lichenoid conditions. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this systematic review focused exclusively on full-text articles published in English between 2014 and 2024. Result: The study conducted a comprehensive review of over 100 publications sourced from reputable databases, including ScienceDirect, SagePub, and PubMed. Following an initial screening, eight publications were identified as warranting more in-depth analysis. Consequently, a thorough review of these selected studies was performed to ensure a detailed and rigorous evaluation. Conclusion: Oral lichenoid conditions show a 1.07% malignant transformation rate, with elevated risks in erosive-type OLP, OLL, and LMD. Major risk factors include smoking, alcohol use, and HCV infection, underscoring the need for refined diagnostic and management approaches.