Optimizing Diagnostic Efficacy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Stereotactic Biopsy for Brainstem Lesions

Abstract

Background: Stereotactic biopsy is crucial for diagnosing brainstem lesions, which are challenging due to their complex location. This review evaluates the diagnostic yield, safety, and complications of stereotactic biopsies for brainstem lesions. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (2013-2023) identified studies reporting on stereotactic biopsy outcomes for brainstem lesions. Data extraction and bias assessment followed standardized guidelines. Results: Twelve studies involving 1,640 patients were included. The diagnostic yield ranged from 91.5% to 100%. Complications occurred in 10%, with neurological deficits in 15.3% of brainstem cases. Mortality rates varied, highlighting the importance of patient selection. Conclusions: Stereotactic biopsy offers high diagnostic accuracy with acceptable risk for brainstem lesions, though further research is needed to improve outcomes and minimize complications.