Evaluating the Diagnostic Efficacy of BRAF V600E Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Histopathology: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The rising incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is linked to BRAFV600E mutations. Due to limited access to molecular testing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is being explored as an alternative for mutation detection. Methods: A systematic literature search across Medline, Embase, and Cochrane identified studies from the past decade. Quality and bias were assessed, focusing on IHC sensitivity and specificity compared to molecular testing. Results: IHC demonstrates variable sensitivity and specificity for BRAFV600E detection in PTC, with some studies showing high concordance with molecular testing despite methodological limitations. Conclusions: IHC is a promising and accessible method for BRAFV600E detection in PTC, though variability exists. Further research is necessary to standardize protocols and improve diagnostic reliability.