The Role of Sella Turcica Morphology in X-Ray Imaging for Enhancing Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The sella turcica (ST) is an essential structure in craniofacial assessments and has significant implications in forensic anthropology, particularly for sex estimation. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on ST morphology and its relevance to sexual dimorphism. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and LIVIVO, focusing on studies published in the last ten years. The review included research analyzing ST dimensions and shapes that relate to sex estimation. Results: Six studies met the eligibility criteria, revealing notable sex-based differences in ST dimensions. While some studies indicated no correlation between ST shape and sex, the majority reported high reliability in measurements, underscoring the potential for forensic applications in sex estimation. Conclusion: Measurements of the sella turcica hold promise for enhancing sex estimation accuracy in forensic contexts. Future research should prioritize standardized methodologies to improve the consistency and applicability of findings across different populations.