Forensic Insights into Postmortem Interrogation of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Postmortem interrogation of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) provides critical data for forensic investigations, particularly regarding sudden cardiac death. These devices store vital information about arrhythmias and performance, yet guidelines for their interrogation during autopsy are limited, leading to varied practices among forensic professionals. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus using terms like "postmortem CIED interrogation" and "postmortem pacemaker analysis," focusing on studies published in the last decade. Results: Five studies were reviewed, indicating that postmortem CIED interrogation is effective in determining causes of death, especially in sudden cardiac cases. However, inconsistencies in methodologies and a lack of standardized protocols were identified. Conclusions: While valuable for forensic analysis, postmortem CIED interrogation requires the establishment of standardized guidelines to improve its utility.